FreeRTOS任务调度机制

/******************************************************************************
 * SVC handler is used to start the scheduler.
 *****************************************************************************/
.align 4
.type FreeRTOS_SWI_Handler, %function
FreeRTOS_SWI_Handler:
	/* Save the context of the current task and select a new task to run. */
	portSAVE_CONTEXT
	LDR R0, vTaskSwitchContextConst
	BLX	R0
	portRESTORE_CONTEXT

.macro portRESTORE_CONTEXT

	/* Set the SP to point to the stack of the task being restored. */
	LDR		R0, pxCurrentTCBConst  // 当前要恢复的任务对应的TCB
	LDR		R1, [R0]
	LDR		SP, [R1]    // TCB的第一个成员(pxTopOfStack)，创建任务的时候根据A系列上下文内容计算得到，恢复的时候通过这个SP来发现保存的上下文，注意：这个时候是system mode。

	// 下面就是需要恢复的上下文，和创建任务时保存的顺序相反（push/pop）。
	/* Is there a floating point context to restore?  If the restored
	ulPortTaskHasFPUContext is zero then no. */
	LDR		R0, ulPortTaskHasFPUContextConst
	POP		{R1}
	STR		R1, [R0]
	CMP		R1, #0

	/* Restore the floating point context, if any. */
	POPNE 	{R0}
	VPOPNE	{D16-D31}
	VPOPNE	{D0-D15}
	VMSRNE  FPSCR, R0

	/* Restore the critical section nesting depth. */
	LDR		R0, ulCriticalNestingConst
	POP		{R1}
	STR		R1, [R0]

	/* Ensure the priority mask is correct for the critical nesting depth. */
	LDR		R2, ulICCPMRConst
	LDR		R2, [R2]
	CMP		R1, #0
	MOVEQ	R4, #255
	LDRNE	R4, ulMaxAPIPriorityMaskConst
	LDRNE	R4, [R4]
	STR		R4, [R2]

	/* Restore all system mode registers other than the SP (which is already
	being used). */
	POP		{R0-R12, R14}

	/* Return to the task code, loading CPSR on the way. */
	RFEIA	sp!          // 执行完这条指定之后system mode下的sp重新指向了真正的栈顶，然后CPU回到任务lr指定的位置（初始值为任务对应的函数入口）。

	.endm

.macro portSAVE_CONTEXT

	/* Save the LR and SPSR onto the system mode stack before switching to
	system mode to save the remaining system mode registers. */
	SRSDB	sp!, #SYS_MODE   // 先把lr和spsr入栈到system mode的栈中
	CPS		#SYS_MODE        // 切到system mode
	PUSH	{R0-R12, R14}    // 和恢复现场的顺序对应，寄存器入栈

	/* Push the critical nesting count. */
	LDR		R2, ulCriticalNestingConst
	LDR		R1, [R2]
	PUSH	{R1}

	/* Does the task have a floating point context that needs saving?  If
	ulPortTaskHasFPUContext is 0 then no. */
	LDR		R2, ulPortTaskHasFPUContextConst
	LDR		R3, [R2]
	CMP		R3, #0

	/* Save the floating point context, if any. */
	FMRXNE  R1,  FPSCR
	VPUSHNE {D0-D15}
	VPUSHNE	{D16-D31}
	PUSHNE	{R1}

	/* Save ulPortTaskHasFPUContext itself. */
	PUSH	{R3}

	/* Save the stack pointer in the TCB. */
	LDR		R0, pxCurrentTCBConst
	LDR		R1, [R0]
	STR		SP, [R1]            // 这个时候的sp还是system mode下的sp，所以上下文内容都是在system mode下进行保存和切换的。

	.endm

void FreeRTOS_Tick_Handler( void )
{
	/* Set interrupt mask before altering scheduler structures.   The tick
	handler runs at the lowest priority, so interrupts cannot already be masked,
	so there is no need to save and restore the current mask value.  It is
	necessary to turn off interrupts in the CPU itself while the ICCPMR is being
	updated. */
	portCPU_IRQ_DISABLE();
	portICCPMR_PRIORITY_MASK_REGISTER = ( uint32_t ) ( configMAX_API_CALL_INTERRUPT_PRIORITY << portPRIORITY_SHIFT );
	__asm volatile (	"dsb		\n"
						"isb		\n" );
	portCPU_IRQ_ENABLE();

	/* Increment the RTOS tick. */
	if( xTaskIncrementTick() != pdFALSE )
	{
		ulPortYieldRequired = pdTRUE;
	}

	/* Ensure all interrupt priorities are active again. */
	portCLEAR_INTERRUPT_MASK();
	configCLEAR_TICK_INTERRUPT();
}

BaseType_t xTaskIncrementTick( void )
{
TCB_t * pxTCB;
TickType_t xItemValue;
BaseType_t xSwitchRequired = pdFALSE;

	/* Called by the portable layer each time a tick interrupt occurs.
	Increments the tick then checks to see if the new tick value will cause any
	tasks to be unblocked. */
	traceTASK_INCREMENT_TICK( xTickCount );
	if( uxSchedulerSuspended == ( UBaseType_t ) pdFALSE )
	{
		/* Minor optimisation.  The tick count cannot change in this
		block. */
		const TickType_t xConstTickCount = xTickCount + 1;

		/* Increment the RTOS tick, switching the delayed and overflowed
		delayed lists if it wraps to 0. */
		xTickCount = xConstTickCount;

		if( xConstTickCount == ( TickType_t ) 0U )
		{
			taskSWITCH_DELAYED_LISTS();
		}
		else
		{
			mtCOVERAGE_TEST_MARKER();
		}

		/* See if this tick has made a timeout expire.  Tasks are stored in
		the	queue in the order of their wake time - meaning once one task
		has been found whose block time has not expired there is no need to
		look any further down the list. */
		if( xConstTickCount >= xNextTaskUnblockTime )
		{
			for( ;; )
			{
				if( listLIST_IS_EMPTY( pxDelayedTaskList ) != pdFALSE )
				{
					/* The delayed list is empty.  Set xNextTaskUnblockTime
					to the maximum possible value so it is extremely
					unlikely that the
					if( xTickCount >= xNextTaskUnblockTime ) test will pass
					next time through. */
					xNextTaskUnblockTime = portMAX_DELAY; /*lint !e961 MISRA exception as the casts are only redundant for some ports. */
					break;
				}
				else
				{
					/* The delayed list is not empty, get the value of the
					item at the head of the delayed list.  This is the time
					at which the task at the head of the delayed list must
					be removed from the Blocked state. */
					pxTCB = ( TCB_t * ) listGET_OWNER_OF_HEAD_ENTRY( pxDelayedTaskList );
					xItemValue = listGET_LIST_ITEM_VALUE( &( pxTCB->xStateListItem ) );

					if( xConstTickCount < xItemValue )
					{
						/* It is not time to unblock this item yet, but the
						item value is the time at which the task at the head
						of the blocked list must be removed from the Blocked
						state -	so record the item value in
						xNextTaskUnblockTime. */
						xNextTaskUnblockTime = xItemValue;
						break;
					}
					else
					{
						mtCOVERAGE_TEST_MARKER();
					}

					/* It is time to remove the item from the Blocked state. */
					( void ) uxListRemove( &( pxTCB->xStateListItem ) );

					/* Is the task waiting on an event also?  If so remove
					it from the event list. */
					if( listLIST_ITEM_CONTAINER( &( pxTCB->xEventListItem ) ) != NULL )
					{
						( void ) uxListRemove( &( pxTCB->xEventListItem ) );
					}
					else
					{
						mtCOVERAGE_TEST_MARKER();
					}

					/* Place the unblocked task into the appropriate ready
					list. */
					prvAddTaskToReadyList( pxTCB );

					/* A task being unblocked cannot cause an immediate
					context switch if preemption is turned off. */
					#if (  configUSE_PREEMPTION == 1 )
					{
						/* Preemption is on, but a context switch should
						only be performed if the unblocked task has a
						priority that is equal to or higher than the
						currently executing task. */
						if( pxTCB->uxPriority >= pxCurrentTCB->uxPriority )
						{
							xSwitchRequired = pdTRUE;
						}
						else
						{
							mtCOVERAGE_TEST_MARKER();
						}
					}
					#endif /* configUSE_PREEMPTION */
				}
			}
		}

		/* Tasks of equal priority to the currently running task will share
		processing time (time slice) if preemption is on, and the application
		writer has not explicitly turned time slicing off. */
		#if ( ( configUSE_PREEMPTION == 1 ) && ( configUSE_TIME_SLICING == 1 ) )
		{
			if( listCURRENT_LIST_LENGTH( &( pxReadyTasksLists[ pxCurrentTCB->uxPriority ] ) ) > ( UBaseType_t ) 1 )
			{
				xSwitchRequired = pdTRUE;
			}
			else
			{
				mtCOVERAGE_TEST_MARKER();
			}
		}
		#endif /* ( ( configUSE_PREEMPTION == 1 ) && ( configUSE_TIME_SLICING == 1 ) ) */

		#if ( configUSE_TICK_HOOK == 1 )
		{
			/* Guard against the tick hook being called when the pended tick
			count is being unwound (when the scheduler is being unlocked). */
			if( uxPendedTicks == ( UBaseType_t ) 0U )
			{
				vApplicationTickHook();
			}
			else
			{
				mtCOVERAGE_TEST_MARKER();
			}
		}
		#endif /* configUSE_TICK_HOOK */
	}
	else
	{
		++uxPendedTicks;

		/* The tick hook gets called at regular intervals, even if the
		scheduler is locked. */
		#if ( configUSE_TICK_HOOK == 1 )
		{
			vApplicationTickHook();
		}
		#endif
	}

	#if ( configUSE_PREEMPTION == 1 )
	{
		if( xYieldPending != pdFALSE )
		{
			xSwitchRequired = pdTRUE;
		}
		else
		{
			mtCOVERAGE_TEST_MARKER();
		}
	}
	#endif /* configUSE_PREEMPTION */

	return xSwitchRequired;
}